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彩612024-02-10

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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

  • 【理响中国】加快建设现代化产业体系具有重要意义******

      作者:杜传忠南开大学经济与社会发展研究院教授、博导,产业经济研究所所长

      党的二十大报告提出,要建设现代化产业体系。现代化产业体系是现代化经济体系的重要内容。新征程加快建设现代化产业体系,是完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念、加快构建新发展格局、实现高质量发展的必然要求,对于全面建设社会主义现代化国家、顺利实现第二个百年奋斗目标具有重要意义。

      建设现代化产业体系是建设现代化经济体系的重要内容。只有形成现代化经济体系,我国才能更好地顺应现代化发展潮流和赢得国际竞争主动,也才能为其他领域现代化提供有力支撑。习近平总书记指出:“现代化经济体系,是由社会经济活动各个环节、各个层面、各个领域的相互关系和内在联系构成的一个有机整体。”形成高水平现代化经济体系,要建设创新引领、协同发展的产业体系,实现实体经济、科技创新、现代金融、人力资源协同发展,真正使科技创新在实体经济发展中的贡献份额不断提高,现代金融服务实体经济的能力不断增强,人力资源支撑实体经济发展的作用不断优化。

      建设现代化产业体系为构建新发展格局提供有力支撑。从国民经济运行角度说,要构建新发展格局,从根本上说就是要实现经济循环流转和产业关联畅通,这种产业关联畅通既包括区域层面的,也包括产业相互之间的,而区域层面的产业关联畅通有赖于形成科学合理的区域产业体系;产业层面的关联畅通则是要形成以融合、协同为主要特征的现代化产业体系,这个过程也是产业转型升级的过程。通过这一个过程,从根本上提升我国供给体系的效率和竞争力,解决各类“卡脖子”和瓶颈问题,从而实现国民经济的有效畅通和循环。我国只有加快推进产业转型升级,实现技术自立自强,发展更高水平的现代化产业体系,增强产业乃至整个经济的自主性、柔韧性、抗风险性和可持续性,才能更有效地提升外循环发展水平,更好参与国际经济竞争,形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。

      现代化产业体系是主动把握新一轮科技革命与产业变革,有效应对新一轮国际产业竞争的战略选择。一方面,以大数据、云计算、人工智能等新一代信息技术迅速发展和广泛应用为标志的新一轮科技革命正孕育新的重大突破,新一代信息技术与产业发展的各个领域的技术呈现深度融合态势,正在引发现有产业体系的深刻变革,这对我国产业转型升级提供了难得的历史机遇。另一方面,以美国为代表的发达国家大力推进“再工业化”战略,促进“制造业回归”,许多发展中国家也发挥自身优势竞相加快推进本国工业化进程,我国产业发展面临高端回流和中低端分流的“双向挤压”局面。国际产业发展环境和竞争态势,要求我国加快产业转型升级,发展现代化产业体系,塑造产业竞争新优势,提升我国产业国际竞争力。

      现代化产业体系是有效应对各种风险、统筹安全与发展的基本支撑。当前,世界百年未有之大变局加速演进,新一轮科技革命和产业变革深入发展,与此同时,逆全球化思潮抬头,单边主义、保护主义明显上升,世界经济复苏乏力,全球性问题加剧,世界进入新的动荡变革期。我国发展进入战略机遇和风险挑战并存、不确定难预料因素增多的时期,各种“黑天鹅”“灰犀牛”事件随时可能发生。统筹安全与发展,有效应对和化解各种风险。

      现代化产业体系是实现高质量发展和第二个百年奋斗目标的重大举措。在新发展阶段,我国要素比较优势和资源环境的约束条件等都发生了重大的趋势性变化,传统产业发展动力难以支撑高质量发展,要通过发展现代产业新体系积蓄形成新的产业发展动力和产业竞争优势,实现质量变革、动力变革、效率变革,为经济高质量发展提供坚实的支撑。我国只有建立现代化产业体系,才能加快新旧动力转换,更充分地释放工业化、信息化、城镇化、农业现代化同步发展蕴含的能量,为实现第二个百年奋斗目标提供强有力的支撑。

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